Researchers have discovered that the vertebrate brain does not arise from a single progenitor cell, but instead develops from two distinct, mutually exclusive cell lineages that evolved independently, one for the forebrain and midbrain, and one for the hindbrain. It explains why attempts to coax forebrain precursors into hindbrain tissue have failed. The team successfully cultivated human hindbrain neurons in the lab for the first time. https://neurosciencenews.com/brain-separate-organs-evolution-31219/ https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2026/09/two-separate-brains.html 1/n